Royal Bank of Canada Reports Fourth Quarter and 2018 Results

All amounts are in Canadian dollars and are based on our audited Annual and unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the year and quarter ended October 31, 2018 and related notes prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Our 2018 Annual Report (which includes our audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Management's Discussion & Analysis), our 2018 Annual Information Form and our Supplementary Financial Information are available on our website at: http://www.rbc.com/investorrelations.

2018 Net Income $12.4 Billion Record earnings

2018 Diluted EPS $8.36 Strong double-digit growth of 11% YoY

2018 ROE 17.6% Balanced capital deployment for premium ROE

CET1 Ratio 11.5% Up 60 bps YoY

TORONTO, Nov. 28, 2018 /CNW/ - Royal Bank of Canada (RY on TSX and NYSE) today reported record net income of $12,431 million for the year ended October 31, 2018, up $962 million or 8% from the prior year, with double-digit diluted EPS growth of 11%. Strong earnings growth in Personal & Commercial Banking and Wealth Management reflected benefits from higher Canadian and U.S. interest rates and solid volume growth. Strong Capital Markets earnings were driven by a lower effective tax rate and higher revenue in Corporate and Investment Banking, and higher Insurance earnings were largely driven by favourable investment-related experience. Investor & Treasury Services results were solid. Credit quality was stable with provision for credit losses (PCL) on impaired loans ratio of 20 basis points (bps) and total PCL ratio on loans of 23 bps.

As of October 31, 2018, our Basel III Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio was 11.5%, up 60 bps from the prior year. In addition, we increased our quarterly dividend twice during 2018, for an annual dividend increase of 8%.

"We reported record earnings of $12.4 billion for 2018, showcasing the strength and depth of our client relationships backed by a strong macro environment. Our diversified business and geographic mix delivered good revenue growth, while we prudently managed risk and delivered a premium return on equity. Looking ahead, we remain focused on investing in our people and technology, and offering more personalized insights and connectivity to deliver more value for both our clients and shareholders."

– Dave McKay, RBC President and Chief Executive Officer

2018 Full Year Business Segment Performance

• 5% earnings growth in Personal & Commercial Banking. Excluding our share of the gain related to the sale of the U.S. operations of Moneris, which was $212 million (before- and after-tax), earnings increased $485 million or 9%¹, mainly due to higher spreads reflecting benefits from higher interest rates and average volume growth of 5% as we continued to strengthen our leadership in core products. Higher card service revenue driven by higher purchase volumes in Canada's leading loyalty program also contributed to the increase as we continued to deliver more value to clients. These factors were partially offset by higher PCL, mainly due to the introduction of PCL on performing financial assets as a result of adopting IFRS 9. We generated positive operating leverage while continuing to invest in the business, including higher staff-related costs and investments in technology;
  
  
• 23% earnings growth in Wealth Management, mainly due to growth in average fee-based client assets, benefitting from our scale, talent and infrastructure advantage, including one of Canadian industry's largest, most productive advisor bases. Higher net interest income was driven by strong volume growth and higher U.S. interest rates at City National, and a lower effective tax rate reflecting benefits from the U.S. Tax Reform also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by higher variable compensation on improved results, increased costs related to business growth and technology initiatives, and higher regulatory costs;
  
  
• 7% earnings growth in Insurance, largely driven by higher favourable investment-related experience, and life retrocession contract renegotiations. These factors were partially offset by lower favourable annual actuarial assumption updates, higher claims volumes, and increased costs in support of sales growth and client service activities as part of our holistic, advice-based services;
  
  
• Investor and Treasury Services net income was flat. Improved margins, growth in client deposits and higher revenue in our asset services business were offset by lower funding and liquidity revenue, higher costs in support of business growth, and higher technology investments;
  
  
• 10% earnings growth in Capital Markets, driven by a lower effective tax rate reflecting changes in earnings mix and benefits from the U.S. Tax Reform and higher revenue in Corporate and Investment Banking and Global Markets, benefiting from our focused strategy in North American and key geographic regions. These factors were partially offset by higher regulatory costs, litigation recoveries in the prior year, and higher costs in support of business growth as we continued to deepen client relationships in a competitive market.

^1 Results excluding our share of a gain in Q1 2017 related to the sale of the U.S. operations of Moneris Solutions Corporation (Moneris) to Vantiv Inc. which was $212 million (before and after tax) are non-GAAP measures. For further information, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section on page 10 of this Earnings Release.

Q4 2018 Performance
Earnings of $3,250 million were up $413 million or 15% from a year ago, driven by higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking, Capital Markets, Wealth Management, and Insurance. Investor & Treasury Services results were relatively flat.

Earnings were up $141 million or 5% from last quarter, largely due to higher earnings in Insurance, Personal & Commercial Banking and Investor & Treasury Services. These factors were partially offset by lower earnings in Wealth Management and Capital Markets.

Q4 2018 compared to Q4 2017	•	Net income of $3,250 million	↑	15%
	•	Diluted EPS of $2.20	↑	17%
	•	ROE^2 of 17.6%	↑	100 bps
	•	CET1 ratio of 11.5%	↑	60 bps
Q4 2018 compared to Q3 2018	•	Net income of $3,250 million	↑	5%
	•	Diluted EPS of $2.20	↑	5%
	•	ROE of 17.6%	↑	30 bps
	•	CET1 ratio of 11.5%	↑	40 bps

^2 Return on Equity (ROE). This measure does not have a standardized meaning under GAAP. For further information, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section on page 10 of this Earnings Release.

Q4 2018 Business Segment Performance

Personal & Commercial Banking

Net income of $1,538 million increased $134 million or 10% from a year ago, largely reflecting improved deposit spreads from higher Canadian interest rates and average volume growth of 5% in Canadian Banking, driven by solid growth in residential mortgages, commercial lending and deposit products. Non-interest income growth benefitted from solid credit card purchase volume growth reflecting the value provided by RBC Rewards and our leading credit card product suite. These factors were partially offset by higher PCL in Canadian Banking, mainly due to the introduction of PCL on performing financial assets as a result of adopting IFRS 9 and higher staff-related costs in support of business growth.

Compared to last quarter, net income increased $28 million or 2%, largely due to higher spreads, and average volume growth of 1% in loans and 2% in deposits in Canadian Banking, and lower PCL. These factors were partially offset by higher marketing costs.

Wealth Management

Net income of $553 million increased $62 million or 13% from a year ago, largely reflecting higher average fee-based client assets resulting from net inflows into long-term and liquidity products despite significant industry headwinds as equity markets pulled back. Higher revenue also benefitted from an increase in net interest income from strong volume growth and higher U.S. interest rates at City National, and a lower effective tax rate reflecting benefits from the U.S. Tax Reform. These factors were partially offset by higher variable compensation on improved results, increased costs in support of business growth and technology initiatives, and higher regulatory costs.

Compared to last quarter, net income decreased $25 million or 4%, largely due to increased costs in support of business growth mainly reflecting higher staff-related costs, and higher variable compensation. These factors were partially offset by higher average fee-based client assets reflecting net sales.

Insurance

Net income of $318 million increased $53 million or 20% from a year ago, primarily reflecting life retrocession contract renegotiations and higher favorable investment-related experience, partially offset by lower favourable annual actuarial assumption updates.

Compared to last quarter, net income increased $160 million or 101%, reflecting life retrocession contract renegotiations and higher favourable investment-related experience. Favourable annual actuarial assumption updates, largely related to economic, mortality and longevity experience, and lower claims volumes, primarily in the life retrocession portfolio, also contributed to the increase.

Investor & Treasury Services

Net income of $155 million was relatively flat from a year ago. Improved deposit margins and higher revenue from our asset services business were offset by lower funding and liquidity revenue, higher costs in support of business growth and increased technology investments.

Compared to last quarter, net income was flat as higher funding and liquidity revenue was offset by increased technology investments and lower revenue from our asset services business driven by lower client activity and market volatility.

Capital Markets

Net income of $666 million increased $82 million or 14% from a year ago, largely driven by a lower effective tax rate reflecting changes in earnings mix and benefits from the U.S. Tax Reform. Higher revenue reflected constructive equity markets volatility, more than offsetting challenging fixed income market conditions in Global Markets, and strong client activity in Corporate and Investment Banking.  The impact of foreign exchange translation and lower capital taxes also contributed to higher net income. These factors were partially offset by higher PCL as the prior year included PCL recoveries, and higher regulatory costs.

Compared to last quarter, net income decreased $32 million or 5%, mainly due to lower fixed income trading revenue, primarily in North America, lower equity origination, mainly in Canada, and higher PCL. These factors were partially offset by lower compensation on decreased results, higher lending revenue and higher gains from the disposition of certain securities.

Corporate Support

Net income was $20 million in the current quarter, largely reflecting net favourable tax adjustments. Net income was $10 million in the prior quarter, mainly due to asset/liability management activities. Net loss was $63 million in the prior year largely reflecting net unfavourable tax adjustments, severance and related charges, and charges associated with our real estate portfolio.

Other Highlights

Capital – As at October 31, 2018, Basel III CET1 ratio was 11.5%, up 40 bps from last quarter, mainly reflecting internal capital generation and favourable impact of risk parameters changes which were partially offset by higher risk-weighted assets due to continued business growth.

Credit Quality – Total PCL of $353 million increased $119 million from a year ago, mainly due to the adoption of IFRS 9 as well as higher provisions on impaired loans in Capital Markets. The PCL ratio on loans was up 6 bps to 23 bps.

In Personal & Commercial Banking, total PCL increased $47 million or 17% from a year ago largely due to higher provisions in our Canadian lending portfolios since the adoption of IFRS 9, partially offset by lower provisions in the Caribbean Banking portfolios driven by model and parameter updates.

In Capital Markets, total PCL increased $70 million from a year ago due to higher provisions on impaired loans mainly as a result of recoveries in the oil & gas and real estate & related sectors in the prior year.

Compared to last quarter, total PCL increased $7 million or 2% and the PCL ratio on loans was flat, reflecting stable credit quality. The increase in total PCL was due to higher provisions on impaired loans in Capital Markets and a provision on the restructuring of portfolios in Barbados which was largely offset by model and parameter updates.

In Personal & Commercial Banking, total PCL decreased $22 million from the prior quarter due to model and parameter updates in the Caribbean, partially offset by volume growth in Canadian Banking and a provision on the restructuring of portfolios in Barbados.

In Capital Markets, total PCL increased $29 million from the prior quarter primarily due to recoveries in the oil & gas sector in the previous quarter.

Digitally Enabled Relationship Bank

90-day Active Mobile users increased 17% from a year ago to 3.9 million, resulting in a 26% increase in mobile sessions. Digital adoption increased to 50%.

Selected financial and other highlights
			As at or for the three months ended									For the year ended
				October 31			July 31			October 31			October 31				October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except per share, number of and percentage amounts) ^(1)				2018			2018			2017			2018				2017
	Total revenue		$	10,669		$	11,025		$	10,523		$	42,576			$	40,669
	Provision for credit losses (PCL)^(2)			353			346			234			1,307				1,150
	Insurance policyholder benefits, claims and acquisition expense (PBCAE)			494			925			1,137			2,676				3,053
	Non-interest expense			5,882			5,858			5,611			22,833				21,794
	Income before income taxes			3,940			3,896			3,541			15,760				14,672
Net income			$	3,250		$	3,109		$	2,837		$	12,431			$	11,469
Segments - net income
	Personal & Commercial Banking		$	1,538		$	1,510		$	1,404		$	6,028			$	5,755
	Wealth Management			553			578			491			2,265				1,838
	Insurance			318			158			265			775				726
	Investor & Treasury Services			155			155			156			741				741
	Capital Markets			666			698			584			2,777				2,525
	Corporate Support			20			10			(63)			(155)				(116)
Net income			$	3,250		$	3,109		$	2,837		$	12,431			$	11,469
Selected information
	Earnings per share (EPS)	- basic	$	2.21		$	2.10		$	1.89		$	8.39			$	7.59
		- diluted		2.20			2.10			1.88			8.36				7.56
	Return on common equity (ROE) ^(3), (4)			17.6	%		17.3	%		16.6	%		17.6	%			17.0	%
	Average common equity^(3)		$	71,700		$	69,650		$	65,900		$	68,900			$	65,300
	Net interest margin (NIM) - on average earning assets^(3)			1.67	%		1.66	%		1.72	%		1.66	%			1.72	%
	PCL as a % of average net loans and acceptances^(5)			0.23	%		0.23	%		0.17	%		0.23	%			0.21	%
	PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances^(5)			0.20	%		0.17	%		0.17	%		0.20	%			0.21	%
	Gross impaired loans (GIL) as a % of loans and acceptances^(6), (7)			0.37	%		0.40	%		0.46	%		0.37	%			0.46	%
	Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)^(8)			123	%		120	%		122	%		123	%			122	%
Capital ratios and Leverage ratio^(9)
	Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio			11.5	%		11.1	%		10.9	%		11.5	%			10.9	%
	Tier 1 capital ratio			12.8	%		12.3	%		12.3	%		12.8	%			12.3	%
	Total capital ratio			14.6	%		14.1	%		14.2	%		14.6	%			14.2	%
	Leverage ratio			4.4	%		4.3	%		4.4	%		4.4	%			4.4	%
Selected balance sheet and other information^(10)
	Total assets		$	1,334,734		$	1,292,374		$	1,212,853		$	1,334,734			$	1,212,853
	Securities, net of applicable allowance			222,866			217,132			218,379			222,866				218,379
	Loans net of allowance for loan losses			576,818			563,097			542,617			576,818				542,617
	Derivative related assets			94,039			88,503			95,023			94,039				95,023
	Deposits			837,046			832,261			789,635			837,046				789,635
	Common equity			73,552			71,475			67,416			73,552				67,416
	Total capital risk-weighted assets			496,459			498,896			474,478			496,459				474,478
	Assets under management (AUM)			671,000			686,600			639,900			671,000				639,900
	Assets under administration (AUA)^(11)			5,533,700			5,486,200			5,473,300			5,533,700				5,473,300
Common share information
	Shares outstanding (000s)	- average basic		1,440,207			1,440,477			1,457,855			1,443,894			1,466,988
		- average diluted		1,446,514			1,446,956			1,464,916			1,450,485			1,474,421
		- end of period^(12)		1,438,794			1,440,008			1,452,535			1,438,794			1,452,535
	Dividends declared per common share		$	0.98		$	0.94		$	0.91		$	3.77			$	3.48
	Dividend yield^(13)			3.8	%		3.8	%		3.6	%		3.7	%			3.8	%
	Common share price (RY on TSX)^(14)		$	95.92		$	101.55		$	100.87		$	95.92			$	100.87
	Market capitalization (TSX)^(14)			138,009			146,350			146,554			138,009				146,554
Business information (number of)
	Employees (full-time equivalent) (FTE)			81,870			82,236			78,210			81,870				78,210
	Bank branches			1,333			1,338			1,376			1,333				1,376
	Automated teller machines (ATMs)			4,537			4,792			4,630			4,537				4,630
Period average US$ equivalent of C$1.00^(15)			$	0.767		$	0.767		$	0.792		$	0.776			$	0.765
Period-end US$ equivalent of C$1.00			$	0.760		$	0.769		$	0.775		$	0.760			$	0.775

(1)	Effective November 1, 2017, we adopted IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. Results from periods prior to November 1, 2017 are reported in accordance with IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. For further details on the impacts of the adoption of IFRS 9 including the description of accounting policies selected, refer to Note 2 of our 2018 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)	Under IFRS 9, PCL relates primarily to loans, acceptances, and commitments, and also applies to all financial assets except for those classified or designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and equity securities designated as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9, PCL related only to loans, acceptances, and commitments. PCL on loans, acceptances, and commitments is comprised of PCL on impaired loans (Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 and PCL on impaired loans under IAS 39) and PCL on performing loans (Stage 1 and Stage 2 PCL under IFRS 9 and PCL on loans not yet identified as impaired under IAS 39). Refer to the Credit risk section and Note 2 of our 2018 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
(3)	Average amounts are calculated using methods intended to approximate the average of the daily balances for the period. This includes Average common equity used in the calculation of ROE. For further details, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section of our 2018 Annual Report.
(4)	These measures may not have a standardized meaning under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other financial institutions. See the How we measure and report our business segments section and the Key performance and Non-GAAP Measures section of this Earnings Release, our Q4 2018 Supplementary Financial Information and our 2018 Annual Report for additional information.
(5)	PCL represents PCL on loans, acceptances and commitments. PCL on impaired loans represents Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 and PCL on impaired loans under IAS 39. Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 is comprised of lifetime credit losses of credit-impaired loans, acceptances and commitments.
(6)	Effective November 1, 2017, GIL excludes $229 million of acquired credit-impaired (ACI) loans related to our acquisition of City National Bank (City National) that have returned to performing status. As at October 31, 2018, $21 million (July 31, 2018 – $20 million; October 31, 2017 – $256 million) of ACI loans that remain impaired are included in GIL. ACI loans included in GIL added 5 bps to our 2017 GIL ratio. For further details, refer to Note 5 of our 2018 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements
(7)	Effective November 1, 2017, the definition of gross impaired loans has been shortened for certain products to align with a definition of default of 90 days past due under IFRS 9, resulting in an increase in GIL of $134 million.
(8)	LCR is calculated using the Basel III Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) guideline. For further details, refer to the Liquidity and funding risk section of our 2018 Annual Report.
(9)	Capital and Leverage ratios presented above are on an "all-in" basis. The Leverage ratio is a regulatory measure under the Basel III framework. For further details, refer to the Capital management section of our 2018 Annual Report.
(10)	Represents period-end spot balances.
(11)	AUA includes $16.7 billion and $9.6 billion (July 31, 2018 – $16.8 billion and $9.8 billion; October 31, 2017 – $18.4 billion and $8.4 billion) of securitized residential mortgages and credit card loans, respectively.
(12)	Common shares outstanding has been adjusted to include the impact of treasury shares.
(13)	Defined as dividends per common share divided by the average of the high and low share price in the relevant period.
(14)	Based on TSX closing market price at period-end.
(15)	Average amounts are calculated using month-end spot rates for the period.

Personal & Commercial Banking
			As at or for the three months ended
				October 31		July 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except number of and percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)				2018		2018		2017
	Net interest income		$	3,067	$	3,001	$	2,820
	Non-interest income			1,297		1,283		1,199
Total revenue				4,364		4,284		4,019
	PCL on performing assets (1)			25		31
	PCL on impaired assets (2)			292		308		270
Total PCL				317		339		270
	Non-interest expense			1,987		1,910		1,872
Net income before income taxes				2,060		2,035		1,877
Net income			$	1,538	$	1,510	$	1,404
Revenue by business
	Canadian Banking			4,132		4,040		3,766
	Caribbean & U.S. Banking			232		244		253
Selected balances and other information
	ROE			26.7%		27.2%		26.7%
	NIM			2.82%		2.80%		2.71%
	Efficiency ratio (3)			45.5%		44.6%		46.6%
	Operating leverage			2.5%		3.3%		2.4%
	Average total assets		$	451,100	$	445,600	$	430,100
	Average total earning assets, net			431,500		425,900		412,200
	Average loans and acceptances, net			432,200		426,500		412,000
	Average deposits			368,700		363,100		352,100
	AUA (4), (5)			266,500		276,700		264,800
	Average AUA			274,900		274,800		257,600
	AUM (5)			4,700		4,700		4,600
	Number of employees (FTE) (6)			35,573		35,743		34,601
	Effective income tax rate			25.3%		25.8%		25.2%
	Gross impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances (7)			0.37%		0.38%		0.36%
	PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances (2)			0.25%		0.25%		0.26%
Other selected information - Canadian Banking
	Net income		$	1,463	$	1,491	$	1,360
	NIM			2.77%		2.74%		2.65%
	Efficiency ratio (3)			43.8%		42.2%		44.7%
	Operating leverage			2.3%		5.0%		1.5%
	Effective income tax rate			25.8%		26.1%		25.7%

(1)	PCL on performing assets represents Stage 1 and 2 PCL on all performing assets under IFRS 9, except those classified or designated as FVTPL and equity securities designated as FVOCI. Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9, PCL on performing assets represents PCL for loans not yet identified as impaired and was included in Corporate Support.
(2)	PCL on impaired assets includes PCL on credit-impaired loans, acceptances, and commitments (PCL on impaired loans) and PCL on other credit-impaired financial assets. PCL on impaired assets represents Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 and PCL on impaired loans under IAS 39. Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 is comprised of lifetime credit losses of all credit-impaired financial assets, except those classified or designated as FVTPL and equity securities designated as FVOCI.
(3)	Calculated as non-interest expense divided by total revenue.
(4)	AUA includes $16.7 billion and $9.6 billion (July 31, 2018 – $16.8 billion and $9.8 billion; October 31, 2017 – $18.4 billion and $8.4 billion) of securitized residential mortgages and credit card loans, respectively.
(5)	Represents period-end spot balances.
(6)	Amounts have been revised from those previously presented.
(7)	Effective November 1, 2017, the definition of gross impaired loans has been shortened for certain products to align with a definition of default of 90 days past due under IFRS 9.

Effective November 1, 2017, the lines of business within Canadian Banking have been realigned in a manner that emphasizes our client-centric strategy. Personal Financial Services and Cards and Payment Solutions, previously reported separately, are reported collectively as Personal Banking, and Business Financial Services has been renamed to Business Banking. The change had no impact on prior period net income for our Personal & Commercial Banking segment.

Q4 2018 vs. Q4 2017
Net income of $1,538 million increased $134 million or 10% compared to the prior year, largely due to higher spreads, volume growth in Canadian Banking, and higher card service revenue. These factors were partially offset by higher PCL in Canadian Banking, mainly due to the introduction of PCL on performing financial assets as a result of adopting IFRS 9, higher staff-related costs and an increase in technology and related costs.

Total revenue increased $345 million or 9%, mainly due to improved spreads and volume growth of 5% in both loans and deposits in Canadian Banking. Higher purchase volumes driving higher card service revenue and higher average balances driving mutual fund distribution fees also contributed to the increase.

NIM increased 11 bps, mainly due to improved spreads on deposits in Canadian Banking, reflecting the rising interest rate environment, partially offset by the impact of competitive pressures.

PCL on impaired loans ratio improved 1 bp, reflecting stable credit quality. For further details on performing and impaired PCL, refer to Credit quality in the Q4 2018 Business Segment Performance section on page 3 of this Earnings Release.

Non-interest expense increased $115 million or 6%, primarily attributable to higher staff-related costs in Canadian Banking, and an increase in technology and related costs, including digital initiatives.

Q4 2018 vs. Q3 2018
Net income increased $28 million or 2% from the prior quarter, largely due to higher spreads and average volume growth of 1% in loans and 2% in deposits in Canadian Banking, and lower PCL. These factors were partially offset by higher marketing costs.

Wealth Management
		As at or for the three months ended
					October 31		July 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except number of and percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)				2018		2018			2017
	Net interest income			$	679	$	679	$	583
	Non-interest income
	Fee-based revenue				1,662		1,626		1,485
	Transactional and other revenue				399		493		494
Total revenue					2,740		2,798		2,562
	PCL on performing assets^(1)				(3)		12
	PCL on impaired assets^(2)				7		(9)		-
Total PCL					4		3		-
	Non-interest expense				2,061		2,059		1,901
Net income before income taxes					675		736		661
Net income				$	553	$	578	$	491
Revenue by business
	Canadian Wealth Management			$	796	$	761	$	717
	U.S. Wealth Management (including City National)				1,345		1,435		1,252
	U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) (US$ millions)				1,031		1,101		992
	Global Asset Management				513		507		508
	International Wealth Management				86		95		85
Selected balances and other information
	ROE				15.9%		16.4%		14.2%
	NIM				3.49%		3.56%		3.13%
	Pre-tax margin^(3)				24.6%		26.3%		25.8%
	Average total assets			$	91,300	$	89,900	$	86,800
	Number of advisors^(4)				5,042		4,970		4,884
	Average total earning assets, net			$	77,100	$	75,700	$	73,900
	Average loans and acceptances, net				57,800		57,000		51,600
	Average deposits				91,800		91,700		90,900
	AUA - total^(5)				970,500		985,800		929,200
	- U.S. Wealth Management (including City National)^(5)				483,000		487,900		442,700
	- U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) (US$ millions)^(5)				367,100		375,200		343,200
	AUM^(5)				664,900		680,500		634,100
	Average AUA				988,900		975,600		900,300
	Average AUM^(6)				679,900		673,800		617,400
	PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances^(2)				0.04%		(0.06)%		0.00%
						For the three months ended
Estimated impact of U.S. dollar, British pound and Euro translation on key income statement items							Q4 2018 vs.		Q4 2018 vs.
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)							Q4 2017		Q3 2018
Increase (decrease):
	Total revenue					$	47	$	(3)
	Non-interest expense						37		(3)
	Net income						9		-
Percentage change in average US$ equivalent of C$1.00							(3)%		0%
Percentage change in average British pound equivalent of C$1.00							(1)%		2%
Percentage change in average Euro equivalent of C$1.00							(1)%		2%

(1)	PCL on performing assets represents Stage 1 and 2 PCL on all performing assets under IFRS 9, except those classified or designated as FVTPL and equity securities designated as FVOCI. Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9, PCL on performing assets represents PCL for loans not yet identified as impaired and was included in Corporate Support.
(2)	PCL on impaired assets includes PCL on credit-impaired loans, acceptances, and commitments (PCL on impaired loans) and PCL on other credit-impaired financial assets. PCL on impaired assets represents Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 and PCL on impaired loans under IAS 39. Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 is comprised of lifetime credit losses of all credit-impaired financial assets, except those classified or designated as FVTPL and equity securities designated as FVOCI.
(3)	Pre-tax margin is defined as net income before income taxes divided by total revenue.
(4)	Represents client-facing advisors across all our wealth management businesses.
(5)	Represents period-end spot balances.
(6)	Amounts have been revised from those previously presented.

Q4 2018 vs. Q4 2017
Net income increased $62 million or 13%, largely reflecting higher average fee-based client assets, an increase in net interest income, and a lower effective tax rate reflecting benefits from the U.S. Tax Reform. These factors were partially offset by higher variable compensation on improved results, increased costs in support of business growth and technology initiatives, and higher regulatory costs.

Total revenue increased $178 million or 7%, mainly due to higher average fee-based client assets reflecting net sales, the impact of higher interest rates and volume growth driving an increase in net interest income, and the impact of foreign exchange translation. These factors were partially offset by the change in the fair value of the hedge related to our U.S. share-based compensation plan, which was largely offset in non-interest expense.

PCL on impaired loans ratio increased 4 bps, mainly due to higher provisions on impaired loans in U.S. Wealth Management (including City National).

Non-interest expense increased $160 million or 8%, primarily due to higher variable compensation on improved results, increased costs in support of business growth and technology initiatives, the impact of foreign exchange translation, and higher regulatory costs. These factors were partially offset by the change in the fair value of our U.S. share-based compensation plan, which was largely offset in revenue.

Q4 2018 vs. Q3 2018
Net income decreased $25 million or 4% from the prior quarter, largely due to increased costs in support of business growth mainly reflecting higher staff-related costs. Net income was also impacted by higher average fee-based client assets reflecting net sales, partially offset by higher variable compensation on improved results.

Insurance
		As at or for the three months ended
		October 31			July 31			October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)		2018			2018			2017
	Non-interest income
	Net earned premiums		$	1,222	$	1,047	$	1,166
	Investment income^(1)			(230)		181		399
	Fee income			47		62		47
	Total revenue			1,039		1,290		1,612
	Insurance policyholder benefits and claims^(1)			416		856		1,063
	Insurance policyholder acquisition expense			78		69		74
	Non-interest expense			159		153		157
Net income before income taxes				386		212		318
Net income			$	318	$	158	$	265
Revenue by business
	Canadian Insurance		$	536	$	746	$	1,098
	International Insurance			503		544		514
Selected balances and other information
	ROE			57.2%		32.1%		52.3%
	Premiums and deposits^(2)		$	1,374	$	1,197	$	1,302
	Fair value changes on investments backing policyholder liabilities^(1)			(342)		55		279

(1)	Investment income can experience volatility arising from fluctuation of fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) assets. The investments which support actuarial liabilities are predominantly fixed income assets designated as FVTPL. Consequently, changes in the fair values of these assets are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income and are largely offset by changes in the fair value of the actuarial liabilities, the impact of which is reflected in Insurance policyholder benefits, claims and acquisition expense.
(2)	Premiums and deposits include premiums on risk-based insurance and annuity products, and individual and group segregated fund deposits, consistent with insurance industry practices.

Q4 2018 vs. Q4 2017
Net income increased $53 million or 20% from a year ago, primarily reflecting life retrocession contract renegotiations, and higher favorable investment-related experience, partially offset by lower favourable annual actuarial assumption updates.

Total revenue decreased $573 million or 36%, mainly due to the change in fair value of investments backing our policyholder liabilities, partially offset by higher group annuity sales, both of which are largely offset in PBCAE, as indicated below.

PBCAE decreased $643 million or 57%, largely reflecting the change in fair value of investments backing our policyholder liabilities, higher favourable investment-related experience and life retrocession contract renegotiations. These factors were partially offset by lower favourable annual actuarial assumption updates, largely related to economic, mortality and longevity experience, and higher group annuity sales.

Non-interest expense increased $2 million or 1%, compared to the prior year.

Q4 2018 vs. Q3 2018
Net income increased $160 million or 101% from the prior quarter, reflecting life retrocession contract renegotiations and higher favourable investment-related experience. Favourable annual actuarial assumption updates, largely related to economic, mortality and longevity experience, and lower claims volumes, primarily in the life retrocession portfolio, also contributed to the increase.

Investor & Treasury Services
			As at or for the three months ended
			October 31			July 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)			2018		2018			2017
	Net interest income		$	19	$	32	$	128
	Non-interest income			605		588		474
Total revenue				624		620		602
	Non-interest expense			421		417		397
Net income before income taxes				203		203		205
Net income			$	155	$	155	$	156
Selected balances and other information
	ROE			19.2%		19.8%		19.2%
	Average deposits		$	163,600	$	162,500	$	142,600
	Average client deposits			59,200		60,200		56,600
	Average wholesale funding deposits			104,400		102,300		86,000
	AUA (1)			4,283,100		4,210,600		4,266,600
	Average AUA			4,295,200		4,276,100		4,196,400
(1)   Represents period-end spot balances.

   

Q4 2018 vs. Q4 2017
Net income was relatively flat from a year ago. Improved deposit margins and higher revenue from our asset services business was offset by lower funding and liquidity revenue, higher costs in support of business growth and increased technology investments.

Total revenue increased $22 million or 4%, mainly reflecting improved deposit margins as well as increased revenue from our asset services business driven by higher client activity and market volatility. These factors were partially offset by lower funding and liquidity revenue as the prior year reflected tightening credit spreads.

Non-interest expense increased $24 million or 6%, largely driven by higher costs in support of business growth mainly reflecting increased staff-related costs and increased investment in technology to drive efficiency.

Q4 2018 vs. Q3 2018
Net income was flat from last quarter. Higher funding and liquidity revenue was offset by increased technology investments and lower revenue from our asset services business driven by lower client activity and market volatility.

Capital Markets
			As at or for the three months ended
				October 31		July 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)				2018		2018		2017
	Net interest income (1)		$	947	$	913	$	851
	Non-interest income (1)			1,109		1,244		1,103
Total revenue (1)				2,056		2,157		1,954
	PCL on performing assets (2)			17		16
	PCL on impaired assets  (3)			15		(13)		(38)
Total PCL				32		3		(38)
	Non-interest expense			1,244		1,312		1,222
Net income before income taxes				780		842		770
Net income			$	666	$	698	$	584
Revenue by business
	Corporate and Investment Banking		$	1,087	$	1,065	$	1,049
	Global Markets			1,035		1,148		976
	Other			(66)		(56)		(71)
Selected balances and other information
	ROE			11.8%		12.3%		12.4%
	Average total assets		$	591,700	$	579,400	$	490,600
	Average trading securities			88,000		95,600		86,500
	Average loans and acceptances, net			90,700		85,000		83,000
	Average deposits			74,600		73,000		62,800
	PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances (3)			0.07 %		(0.06)%		(0.18)%
					For the three months ended
Estimated impact of U.S. dollar, British pound and Euro translation on key income statement items					Q4 2018 vs		Q4 2018 vs
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)					Q4 2017		Q3 2018
Increase (decrease):
	Total revenue				$	45	$	(5)
	Non-interest expense					25		(4)
	Net income					16		(1)
Percentage change in average US$ equivalent of C$1.00						(3)%		-%
Percentage change in average British pound equivalent of C$1.00						(1)%		2%
Percentage change in average Euro equivalent of C$1.00						(1)%		2%

(1)	The taxable equivalent basis (teb) adjustment for the three months ended October 31, 2018 was $142 million (July 31, 2018 – $157 million, October 31, 2017 - $225 million).
(2)	PCL on performing assets represents Stage 1 and 2 PCL on all performing assets under IFRS 9, except those classified or designated as FVTPL and equity securities designated as FVOCI. Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9, PCL on performing assets represents PCL for loans not yet identified as impaired and was included in Corporate Support.
(3)	PCL on impaired assets includes PCL on credit-impaired loans, acceptances, and commitments (PCL on impaired loans) and PCL on other credit-impaired financial assets. PCL on impaired assets represents Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 and PCL on impaired loans under IAS 39. Stage 3 PCL under IFRS 9 is comprised of lifetime credit losses of all credit-impaired financial assets, except those classified or designated as FVTPL and equity securities designated as FVOCI.

Q4 2018 vs. Q4 2017
Net income increased $82 million or 14% from a year ago, largely driven by a lower effective tax rate reflecting changes in earnings mix and benefits from the U.S. Tax Reform. Higher revenue in Global Markets and Corporate and Investment Banking, the impact of foreign exchange translation, and lower capital taxes also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by higher PCL and increased regulatory costs.

Total revenue increased $102 million or 5%, mainly due to higher equity trading revenue in North America and the impact of foreign exchange translation. Higher equity origination in the U.S. and higher M&A primarily in Canada and Europe also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by lower fixed income trading revenue mainly in the U.S. and decreased debt origination primarily in North America.

PCL on impaired loans ratio increased 25 bps, mainly due to recoveries in the oil & gas and real estate & related sectors in the prior year. For further details on performing and impaired PCL, refer to Credit quality in the Q4 2018 Business Segment Performance section.

Non-interest expense increased $22 million or 2%, mainly driven by the impact of foreign exchange translation and higher regulatory costs, partially offset by lower capital taxes.

Q4 2018 vs. Q3 2018
Net income decreased $32 million or 5% from the prior quarter mainly due to lower fixed income trading revenue primarily in North America, lower equity origination mainly in Canada, and higher PCL. These factors were partially offset by lower compensation on decreased results, increased lending revenue and higher gains from the disposition of certain securities.

Corporate Support
			As at or for the three months ended
				October 31		July 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars)				2018		2018		2017
	Net interest income (loss)^(1)		$	17	$	(29)	$	(21)
	Non-interest income (loss)^(1)			(171)		(95)		(205)
Total revenue^(1)				(154)		(124)		(226)
	PCL			-		-		2
	Non-interest expense			10		8		62
Net income (loss) before income taxes^(1)				(164)		(132)		(290)
	Income (recoveries) taxes ^(1)			(184)		(142)		(227)
Net income ^(2)			$	20	$	10	$	(63)

(1)	Teb adjusted.
(2)	Net income (loss) reflects income attributable to both shareholders and Non-Controlling Interests (NCI). Net income attributable to NCI for the three months ended October 31, 2018 was $(1) million (July 31, 2018 – $7 million; October 31, 2017 – $9 million).

Due to the nature of activities and consolidation adjustments reported in this segment, we believe that a comparative period analysis is not relevant. The following identifies material items affecting the reported results in each period.

Total revenue and income taxes (recoveries) in each period in Corporate Support include the deduction of the teb adjustments related to the gross-up of income from Canadian taxable corporate dividends and the U.S. tax credit investment business recorded in Capital Markets. The amount deducted from revenue was offset by an equivalent increase in income taxes (recoveries).

The teb amount for the three months ended October 31, 2018 was $142 million, $157 million in the prior quarter and $225 million last year. For further discussion, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section of our 2018 Annual Report.

The following identifies the material items, other than the teb impacts noted previously, affecting the reported results in each period.

Q4 2018
Net income was $20 million, largely reflecting net favourable tax adjustments.

Q3 2018
Net income was $10 million, largely due to asset/liability management activities.

Q4 2017
Net loss was $63 million, largely reflecting net unfavourable tax adjustments, severance and related charges, and charges associated with our real estate portfolio.

Key performance and non-GAAP measures

Additional information about these and other key performance and non-GAAP measures can be found under the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section of our 2018 Annual Report.

Return on Equity
We measure and evaluate the performance of our consolidated operations and each business segment using a number of financial metrics, such as net income and ROE. ROE does not have a standardized meaning under GAAP. We use ROE as a measure of return on total capital invested in our business. The following table provides a summary of our ROE calculations:

Calculation of ROE
		For the three months ended																For the year ended
									October 31, 2018									October 31, 2018
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except		Personal &   Commercial			Wealth				Investor &   Treasury		Capital		Corporate
percentage amounts)		Banking			Management		Insurance		Services		Markets		Support		Total			Total
Net income available to common
shareholders			$	1,512	$	540	$	316	$	152	$	645	$	11	$	3,176		$	12,115
Total average common equity (1), (2)			$	22,450	$	13,500	$	2,200	$	3,150	$	21,650	$	8,750	$	71,700		$	68,900
ROE  (3)			26.7%		15.9%		57.2%		19.2%		11.8%		n.m.		17.6%			17.6%

(1)	Total average common equity represents rounded figures.
(2)	The amounts for the segments are referred to as attributed capital.
(3)	ROE is based on actual balances of average common equity before rounding.
n.m.	not meaningful

Non-GAAP Measures
Results and measures excluding the specified item outlined below are non-GAAP measures. There were no specified items for the year ended October 31, 2018. Our results for the year ended October 31, 2017 were impacted by the following specified item:

(1)	Our share of a gain related to the sale, by our payment processing joint venture Moneris, of its U.S. operations to Vantiv, Inc., in Q1 2017, which was $212 million (before- and after-tax) and recorded in Personal & Commercial Banking.

Given the nature and purpose of our management reporting framework, we use and report certain non-GAAP financial measures, which are not defined, do not have a standardized meaning under GAAP, and may not be comparable with similar information disclosed by other financial institutions. We believe that excluding these specified items from our results is more reflective of our ongoing operating results, will provide readers with a better understanding of management's perspective on our performance, and enhance the comparability of our comparative periods. For further information, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section of our 2018 Annual Report.

The following table provides calculations of our business segment results and measures excluding the specified item for the year ended October 31, 2017.

		Personal and Commercial Banking							Canadian Banking
		For the twelve months ended October 31, 2017							For the twelve months ended October 31, 2017
(Millions of Canadian dollars)		Reported		Gain related to the sale by Moneris (1)		Adjusted			Reported		Gain related to the sale by Moneris (1)		Adjusted
Net income	$	5,755	$	(212)	$	5,543		$	5,571	$	(212)	$	5,359
(1) Includes foreign currency translation.

	Consolidated Balance Sheets
		As at
		October 31				July 31	October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars)			2018 (1)			2018 (2)		2017 (1)
Assets
Cash and due from banks		$	30,209		$	32,015	$	28,407
Interest-bearing deposits with banks			36,471			49,159		32,662
Securities
	Trading		128,258			126,386		127,657
	Investment, net of applicable allowance		94,608			90,746		90,722
			222,866			217,132		218,379
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed			294,602			264,170		220,977
Loans
	Retail		399,452			394,884		385,170
	Wholesale		180,278			171,050		159,606
			579,730			565,934		544,776
	Allowance for loan losses		(2,912)			(2,837)		(2,159)
			576,818			563,097		542,617
Segregated fund net assets			1,368			1,396		1,216
Other
	Customers' liability under acceptances		15,641			16,083		16,459
	Derivatives		94,039			88,503		95,023
	Premises and equipment		2,832			2,771		2,670
	Goodwill		11,137			11,012		10,977
	Other intangibles		4,687			4,581		4,507
	Other assets		44,064			42,455		38,959
			172,400			165,405		168,595
Total assets		$	1,334,734		$	1,292,374	$	1,212,853
Liabilities and equity
Deposits
	Personal	$	270,154		$	265,555	$	260,213
	Business and government		534,371			534,808		505,665
	Bank		32,521			31,898		23,757
			837,046			832,261		789,635
Segregated fund net liabilities			1,368			1,396		1,216
Other
	Acceptances		15,662			16,099		16,459
	Obligations related to securities sold short		32,247			33,192		30,008
	Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned		206,814			178,170		143,084
	Derivatives		90,238			86,082		92,127
	Insurance claims and policy benefit liabilities		10,000			10,105		9,676
	Other liabilities		52,273			48,068		46,955
			407,234			371,716		338,309
Subordinated debentures			9,131			9,129		9,265
Total liabilities			1,254,779			1,214,502		1,138,425
Equity attributable to shareholders
	Preferred shares		6,309			6,306		6,413
	Common shares		17,617			17,533		17,703
	Retained earnings		51,112			49,424		45,359
	Other components of equity		4,823			4,518		4,354
			79,861			77,781		73,829
Non-controlling interests			94			91		599
Total equity			79,955			77,872		74,428
Total liabilities and equity		$	1,334,734		$	1,292,374	$	1,212,853

(1)	Derived from audited financial statements.
(2)	Derived from unaudited financial statements.

	Consolidated Statements of Income
		For the three months ended								For the year ended
		October 31			July 31		October 31			October 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)		2018 (1)			2018 (1)		2017 (1)			2018 (2)		2017 (2)
Interest and dividend income
	Loans	$	5,733		$	5,484	$	4,908		$	21,249	$	18,677
	Securities		1,434			1,486		1,241			5,670		4,899
	Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed		1,642			1,501		891			5,536		3,021
	Deposits and other		181			155		106			566		307
			8,990			8,626		7,146			33,021		26,904
Interest expense
	Deposits and other		2,763			2,633		1,875			9,603		6,564
	Other liabilities		1,411			1,312		839			4,905		2,930
	Subordinated debentures		87			85		71			322		270
			4,261			4,030		2,785			14,830		9,764
Net interest income			4,729			4,596		4,361			18,191		17,140
Non-interest income
	Insurance premiums, investment and fee income		1,039			1,290		1,612			4,279		4,566
	Trading revenue		123			234		146			911		806
	Investment management and custodial fees		1,387			1,347		1,228			5,377		4,803
	Mutual fund revenue		896			908		848			3,551		3,339
	Securities brokerage commissions		349			334		327			1,372		1,416
	Service charges		459			458		445			1,800		1,770
	Underwriting and other advisory fees		514			541		498			2,053		2,093
	Foreign exchange revenue, other than trading		267			273		230			1,098		974
	Card service revenue		264			266		211			1,054		933
	Credit fees		371			378		364			1,394		1,433
	Net gains on investment securities		33			26		47			147		172
	Share of profit (loss) in joint ventures and associates		8			(26)		10			21		335
	Other		230			400		196			1,328		889
			5,940			6,429		6,162			24,385		23,529
Total revenue			10,669			11,025		10,523			42,576		40,669
Provision for credit losses			353			346		234			1,307		1,150
Insurance policyholder benefits, claims and acquisition expense			494			925		1,137			2,676		3,053
Non-interest expense
	Human resources		3,429			3,521		3,299			13,776		13,330
	Equipment		419			416		373			1,593		1,434
	Occupancy		400			393		402			1,558		1,588
	Communications		316			260		299			1,049		1,011
	Professional fees		418			359		368			1,379		1,214
	Amortization of other intangibles		279			271		257			1,077		1,015
	Other		621			638		613			2,401		2,202
			5,882			5,858		5,611			22,833		21,794
Income before income taxes			3,940			3,896		3,541			15,760		14,672
Income taxes			690			787		704			3,329		3,203
Net income		$	3,250		$	3,109	$	2,837		$	12,431	$	11,469
Net income attributable to:
	Shareholders	$	3,247		$	3,101	$	2,829		$	12,400	$	11,428
	Non-controlling interests		3			8		8			31		41
		$	3,250		$	3,109	$	2,837		$	12,431	$	11,469
Basic earnings per share (in dollars)		$	2.21		$	2.10	$	1.89		$	8.39	$	7.59
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars)			2.20			2.10		1.88			8.36		7.56
Dividends per common share (in dollars)			0.98			0.94		0.91			3.77		3.48

(1)	Derived from unaudited financial statements.
(2)	Derived from audited financial statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
			For the three months ended								For the year ended
				October 31		July 31		October 31			October 31		October 31
(Millions of Canadian dollars)				2018 (1)		2018 (1)		2017 (1)			2018 (2)		2017 (2)
Net income			$	3,250	$	3,109	$	2,837		$	12,431	$	11,469
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
Items that will be reclassified subsequently to income:
	Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
		Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities						68					134
		Reclassification of net losses (gains) on available-for-sale securities to income						(20)					(96)
	Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities and loans at fair value
		through other comprehensive income
		Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other comprehensive
		income		(75)		43					(70)
		Provision for credit losses recognized in income		(24)		(9)					(9)
		Reclassification of net losses (gains) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other
		comprehensive income to income		(18)		(13)					(94)
				(117)		21		48			(173)		38
	Foreign currency translation adjustments
		Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)		453		415		1,702			840		(1,570)
		Net foreign currency translation gains (losses) from hedging activities		(107)		(78)		(638)			(237)		438
		Reclassification of losses (gains) on foreign currency translation to income		-		-		-			-		(10)
				346		337		1,064			603		(1,142)
	Net change in cash flow hedges
		Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges		(12)		(45)		27			150		622
		Reclassification of losses (gains) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges to income		88		28		7			107		(92)
				76		(17)		34			257		530
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to income:
	Remeasurements of employee benefit plans			127		464		(42)			724		790
	Net fair value change due to credit risk on financial liabilities designated as at fair value
		through profit or loss		10		(13)		(58)			123		(323)
	Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive
		income		(3)		2					(2)
				134		453		(100)			845		467
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes				439		794		1,046			1,532		(107)
Total comprehensive income (loss)			$	3,689	$	3,903	$	3,883		$	13,963	$	11,362
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
	Shareholders		$	3,686	$	3,894	$	3,872		$	13,931	$	11,323
	Non-controlling interests			3		9		11			32		39
			$	3,689	$	3,903	$	3,883		$	13,963	$	11,362

(1)	Derived from unaudited financial statements.
(2)	Derived from audited financial statements.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
				For the year ended October 31, 2017 (1)
												Other components of equity
						Treasury		Treasury				Available-		FVOCI		Foreign		Cash		Total other		Equity
		Preferred		Common		shares -		shares -		Retained		for-sale		securities		currency		flow		components		attributable to		Non-controlling		Total
(Millions of Canadian dollars)		shares		shares		preferred		common		earnings		securities		and loans		translation		hedges		of equity		shareholders		interests		equity
Balance at beginning of period		$	6,713	$	17,939	$	-	$	(80)	$	41,519	$	340			$	4,685	$	(99)	$	4,926	$	71,017	$	595	$	71,612
Changes in equity
	Issues of share capital		-		227		-		-		(1)		-				-		-		-		226		-		226
	Common shares purchased for cancellation		-		(436)		-		-		(2,674)		-				-		-		-		(3,110)		-		(3,110)
	Redemption of trust capital securities		-		-		-		-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-		-
	Redemption of preferred shares		(300)		-		-		-		-		-				-		-		-		(300)		-		(300)
	Sales of treasury shares		-		-		130		4,414		-		-				-		-		-		4,544		-		4,544
	Purchases of treasury shares		-		-		(130)		(4,361)		-		-				-		-		-		(4,491)		-		(4,491)
	Share-based compensation awards		-		-		-		-		(40)		-				-		-		-		(40)		-		(40)
	Dividends on common shares		-		-		-		-		(5,096)		-				-		-		-		(5,096)		-		(5,096)
	Dividends on preferred shares and other		-		-		-		-		(300)		-				-		-		-		(300)		(34)		(334)
	Other		-		-		-		-		56		-				-		-		-		56		(1)		55
	Net income		-		-		-		-		11,428		-				-		-		-		11,428		41		11,469
	Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes		-		-		-		-		467		38				(1,140)		530		(572)		(105)		(2)		(107)
Balance at end of period		$	6,413	$	17,730	$	-	$	(27)	$	45,359	$	378				3,545	$	431	$	4,354	$	73,829	$	599	$	74,428
				For the year ended October 31, 2018 (1)
													Other components of equity
						Treasury		Treasury					Available-	FVOCI		Foreign		Cash		Total other		Equity
		Preferred		Common		shares -		shares -		Retained		for-sale		securities		currency		flow		components		attributable to		Non-controlling		Total
(Millions of Canadian dollars)		shares		shares		preferred		common		earnings		securities		and loans		translation		hedges			of equity	shareholders		interests		equity
Balance at beginning of period		$	6,413	$	17,730	$	-	$	(27)	$	45,359	$	378			$	3,545	$	431	$	4,354	$	73,829	$	599	$	74,428
Transition adjustment			-		-		-		-		(558)		(378)	$	299		-		-		(79)		(637)		-		(637)
Adjusted balance at beginning of period		$	6,413	$	17,730	$	-	$	(27)	$	44,801	$	-	$	299	$	3,545	$	431	$	4,275	$	73,192	$	599	$	73,791
Changes in equity
	Issues of share capital		-		92		-		-		-				-		-		-		-		92		-		92
	Common shares purchased for cancellation		-		(187)		-		-		(1,335)				-		-		-		-		(1,522)		-		(1,522)
	Redemption of trust capital securities		-		-		-		-		-				-		-		-		-		-		(500)		(500)
	Redemption of preferred shares		(107)		-		-		-		2				-		-		-		-		(105)		-		(105)
	Sales of treasury shares		-		-		259		5,479		-				-		-		-		-		5,738		-		5,738
	Purchases of treasury shares		-		-		(256)		(5,470)		-				-		-		-		-		(5,726)		-		(5,726)
	Share-based compensation awards		-		-		-		-		(10)				-		-		-		-		(10)		-		(10)
	Dividends on common shares		-		-		-		-		(5,442)				-		-		-		-		(5,442)		-		(5,442)
	Dividends on preferred shares and other		-		-		-		-		(285)				-		-		-		-		(285)		(37)		(322)
	Other		-		-		-		-		136				(138)		-		-		(138)		(2)		-		(2)
	Net income		-		-		-		-		12,400				-		-		-		-		12,400		31		12,431
	Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes		-		-		-		-		845				(173)		602		257		686		1,531		1		1,532
Balance at end of period		$	6,306	$	17,635	$	3	$	(18)	$	51,112			$	(12)	$	4,147	$	688	$	4,823	$	79,861	$	94	$	79,955

(1)	Derived from audited financial statements.

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, we make written or oral forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including the "safe harbour" provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and any applicable Canadian securities legislation. We may make forward-looking statements in this Earnings Release, in other filings with Canadian regulators or the SEC, in other reports to shareholders and in other communications. Forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our financial performance objectives, vision and strategic goals, and include our President and Chief Executive Officer's statements. The forward-looking information contained in this Earnings Release is presented for the purpose of assisting the holders of our securities and financial analysts in understanding our financial position and results of operations as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, as well as our financial performance objectives, vision and strategic goals, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as "believe", "expect", "foresee", "forecast", "anticipate", "intend", "estimate", "goal", "plan" and "project" and similar expressions of future or conditional verbs such as "will", "may", "should", "could" or "would".

By their very nature, forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, which give rise to the possibility that our predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations or conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that our assumptions may not be correct and that our financial performance objectives, vision and strategic goals will not be achieved. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements as a number of risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. These factors – many of which are beyond our control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict – include: credit, market, liquidity and funding, insurance, operational, regulatory compliance, strategic, reputation, legal and regulatory environment, competitive and systemic risks and other risks discussed in the risk sections of our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018 (2018 Annual Report) including global uncertainty, Canadian housing and household indebtedness, information technology and cyber risk, regulatory changes, digital disruption and innovation, data and third party related risks, climate change, the business and economic conditions in the geographic regions in which we operate, the effects of changes in government fiscal, monetary and other policies, tax risk and transparency, and environmental and social risk.

We caution that the foregoing list of risk factors is not exhaustive and other factors could also adversely affect our results. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to us, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Earnings Release are set out in the Economic, market, and regulatory review and outlook section and for each business segment under the Strategic priorities and Outlook headings in our 2018 Annual Report. Except as required by law, we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by us or on our behalf.

Additional information about these and other factors can be found in the risk sections of our 2018 Annual Report.

Information contained in or otherwise accessible through the websites mentioned does not form part of this Earnings Release. All references in this Earnings Release to websites are inactive textual references and are for your information only.

ACCESS TO QUARTERLY RESULTS MATERIALS

Interested investors, the media and others may review this quarterly Earnings Release, quarterly results slides, supplementary financial information and our 2018 Annual Report at rbc.com/investorrelations.

Quarterly conference call and webcast presentation

Our quarterly conference call is scheduled for November 28, 2018 at 8:00 a.m. (EST) and will feature a presentation about our fourth quarter and 2018 results by RBC executives. It will be followed by a question and answer period with analysts.

Interested parties can access the call live on a listen-only basis at rbc.com/investorrelations/quarterly-financial-statements.html or (416-340-2217, 866-696-5910, passcode 1927262#). Please call between 7:50 a.m. and 7:55 a.m. (EST).

Management's comments on results will be posted on RBC's website shortly following the call. A recording will be available by 5:00 p.m. (EST) from November 28, 2018 until February 21, 2019 at rbc.com/investorrelations/quarterly-financial-statements.html or by telephone [phone] or 800-408-3053, passcode 7390393#).

ABOUT RBC
Royal Bank of Canada is a global financial institution with a purpose-driven, principles-led approach to delivering leading performance. Our success comes from the 84,000+ employees who bring our vision, values and strategy to life so we can help our clients thrive and communities prosper. As Canada's biggest bank, and one of the largest in the world based on market capitalization, we have a diversified business model with a focus on innovation and providing exceptional experiences to our 16 million clients in Canada, the U.S. and 34 other countries. Learn more at rbc.com.‎

We are proud to support a broad range of community initiatives through donations, community investments and employee volunteer activities. See how at rbc.com/community-sustainability.

Trademarks used in this earnings release include the LION & GLOBE Symbol, ROYAL BANK OF CANADA, RBC and RBC REWARDS which are trademarks of Royal Bank of Canada used by Royal Bank of Canada and/or by its subsidiaries under license. All other trademarks mentioned in this earnings release, which are not the property of Royal Bank of Canada, are owned by their respective holders.

SOURCE Royal Bank of Canada

Media Relations Contact: Gillian McArdle, Senior Director, Communications, Group Risk Management and Finance, [email protected], 416-842-4231; Investor Relations Contacts: Dave Mun, SVP & Head, Investor Relations, [email protected], 416-955-7803; Asim Imran, Senior Director, Investor Relations, [email protected], 416-955-7804; Jennifer Nugent, Senior Director, Investor Relations, [email protected], 416-955-7805

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