The Science is clear: the conventional plastic bag is the best for the environment
Quebec Government LCA proves the conventional plastic shopping bag is NOT single-use
MONTREAL, May 9, 2018 /CNW/ - The first-ever Canadian scientific study of plastic shopping bags provides definitive proof that the conventional thin plastic shopping bag (17 micron) is the best bag environmentally and economically when compared to all other bags on the market.
Conducted by the Government of Quebec, the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) found that no replacement option has an environmental advantage in the event of a ban on plastic shopping bags.
A Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a cradle-to-grave analysis that assesses the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through manufacture, usage and how it is managed at end of life.
The Quebec Government wanted to provide decisionmakers with an impartial, trustworthy, third-party scientific analysis of plastic shopping bags using Canadian and North American data so policymakers can make informed decisions on which bag is the best for the environment.
"Governments across Canada now have home-grown science they can trust to guide decision-making on bags," says Joe Hruska, Vice President of Sustainability at the Canadian Plastics Industry Association (CPIA). "As an industry, we welcome the Quebec Government LCA findings. They are completely in line with a Government of Denmark LCA which was just made public and at 2011 U.K. Government LCA. All LCAs show scientifically that a ban on plastic shopping bags will actually harm the environment." https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2018/02/978-87-93614-73-4.pdf
The most interesting study finding is that the conventional, thin plastic shopping bag is not a single-use bag because it has a very high reuse rate at 77%. The most common reuse is to manage household waste. Banning of the conventional plastic bag, according to the LCA scientists, will lead to the consumption of even more plastic and the manufacture of garbage bags; kitchen-catcher type bags which are 76% percent thicker.
"This LCA shows that bag bans are not needed in Canada because plastic bags are well-managed by consumers and retailer," says CPIA's Hruska. "Canadians are deeply committed to responsible use and the 3R's. Ironically, reusable bags, the replacement option advocated by some to replace conventional bags, have a much larger carbon footprint and global warming potential.
The industry which also makes reusable bags points out that people are not aware that reusables bags are not recyclable in North America and at the end of their life, they end up in landfill as garbage while thin plastic shopping bags are highly recyclable. As the Quebec LCA proves the conventional bag is a multi-use, multi-purpose bag while the reusable bag is a single-purpose bag. The LCA report also shows that because reusable bags are very resource-intensive, they must be reused multiple times to equal the environmental impact of the plastic shopping bag used just once.
Hruska adds, "The bag industry believes that every decision made in the name of the environment should be based on science and fact. Too often decisions on bags are made because it sounds good. All too often decision-makers do not assess or decide to ignore the negative unintended consequences which end up causing environmental harm."
Quebec Government LCA:
English Full Report: https://monsacintelligent.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ENGLISH_FINAL-Quebec-LCA-Full-Report.pdf
English Highlights Report: https://monsacintelligent.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ENGLISH_FINAL-Quebec-LCA-Highlights.pdf
Key Findings
The LCA compared eight different shopping bags currently in use in the marketplace in Quebec.
Five 'Disposable" bags – the thin HDPE, 17 micron plastic bag; a thin oxodegradable HDPE, 17 micron bag; a 20 micron bioplastic bag that is compostable; a thick 50 micron LDCPE plastic bag; and a kraft paper bag. Three "Reusable" bags - a woven Polypropylene bag; a non-woven Polypropylene bag; and a cotton bag.
The study is divided into three parts:
- Part I: Environmental life cycle assessment (eLCA) of shopping bags
- Part II: Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of shopping bags
- Part III: Consequential eLCA of a ban on conventional plastic bags
LCA confirms that a Bag Ban does not Benefit the Environment
- The conventional thin plastic shopping bag (17 microns) outperforms all other bags on human health, ecosystem quality, and use of resources. The thin plastic shopping bag 17 microns is a better environmental option.
- The conventional plastic shopping bag outperforms reusable bags environmentally. Reusable bags have a much larger carbon footprint and must be reused many times to equal the environment impact of the thin 17 micron plastic shopping bag. They are just too resource intense.
Number of Times a Reusable Bag Must be Reused to Equal the Environmental Impact of a Thin 17 Micron Plastic Shopping Bag Used Just Once
| Non-Woven Polypropylene (PP) Bag |
7-11 times to match a thin 17 micron plastic bag used just once |
| Woven Polypropylene (PP) Bag |
25-33 times to match a thin 17 micron plastic bag used just once |
| Cotton Bag |
71-88 times to match a thin 17 micron plastic bag used just once |
- The LCA Summary points out that there is no advantage to a ban on thin 17 micron bags. "It is not clear that a ban will lead to improvements in human health, ecosystem quality and the use of fossil resources."
- The Summary goes on to talk about "the undesirable effects of a ban".
- As stated plainly in the Part 3 Draft report, "No replacement option as a result of the ban on plastic bags has an environmental advantage. In this context, the ban [on thin HDPE bags] would not be advantageous." (Section 12 AeCV Conclusions)
- LCA also confirms that the thin plastic bag wins economically. The conventional bag is the least expensive and reusable bags are always more expensive than the life cycle costs.
- The Quebec Government LCA litter findings do not reflect North American litter data. The LCA used Canadian and North American data except in its litter analysis which showed that Europe has much higher litter rates than Canada. Almost every litter study conducted across North America over the past 15 years shows thin plastic bag to be a tiny fraction of litter at around 0.4%.
About the Canadian Plastics Industry Association (CPIA)
Since 1943, the Canadian Plastics Industry Association has served as the national voice and leader for plastics industry sustainability across Canada and beyond, representing the interests of the plastics value chain including resin and raw material suppliers, processors/converters, equipment suppliers, recyclers and brand owners.
SOURCE Canadian Plastics Industry Association
or an interview, contact: Megan Stephens, 416-777-0368
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